Education

 एक अंधेरी सर्दियों की रात, एक भूत डेनमार्क में एल्सिनोर कैसल की प्राचीर से चलता है।  पहले पहरेदारों की एक जोड़ी द्वारा खोजा गया, फिर विद्वान होरेशियो द्वारा, भूत हाल ही में मृत राजा हैमलेट से मिलता-जुलता है, जिसके भाई क्लॉडियस को सिंहासन विरासत में मिला है और उसने राजा की विधवा रानी गर्ट्रूड से शादी की है।  जब होरेशियो और पहरेदार, भूत को देखने के लिए गर्ट्रूड और मृत राजा के बेटे प्रिंस हेमलेट को लाते हैं, तो वह उससे बात करता है, यह कहते हुए कि यह वास्तव में उसके पिता की आत्मा है, और उसकी हत्या क्लॉडियस के अलावा किसी और ने नहीं की थी।  हेमलेट को उस आदमी से बदला लेने का आदेश दिया जिसने अपने सिंहासन की रक्षा की और अपनी पत्नी से शादी की, भूत सुबह के साथ गायब हो जाता है।  प्रिंस हैमलेट अपने पिता की मृत्यु का बदला लेने के लिए खुद को समर्पित करता है, लेकिन, क्योंकि वह स्वभाव से चिंतनशील और विचारशील है, वह देरी करता है, एक गहरी उदासी और यहां तक ​​कि स्पष्ट पागलपन में प्रवेश करता है।  क्लॉडियस और गर्ट्रूड राजकुमार के अनिश्चित व्यवहार और इसके कारण की खोज करने के प्र...

  Act-1 देर रात, डेनमार्क के एल्सिनोर महल के युद्ध पर पहरेदारों की मुलाकात होरेटियो से हुई, जो स्कूल के राजकुमार हैमलेट के दोस्त थे।  गार्ड एक भूत का वर्णन करते हैं जो उन्होंने देखा है कि हाल ही में मृत राजा हैमलेट के पिता जैसा दिखता है।  उस पल में, भूत फिर से प्रकट होता है, और गार्ड और होरेशीयॉ हेमलेट को बताने का फैसला करते हैं।  हैमलेट के चाचा क्लॉडियस, ने हैमलेट की हाल ही में विधवा मां से शादी की, जो डेनमार्क का नया राजा बन गया।  हैमलेट अपने पिता की मृत्यु का शोक मनाता रहता है और अपनी माँ की वफादारी में कमी करता है।  जब हेमलेट होरेशियो से भूत के बारे में सुनता है, तो वह इसे अपने लिए देखना चाहता है।  अन्यत्र, शाही परिचारक पोलोनियस अपने बेटे लियर्ट्स को विदाई देता है, जो फ्रांस के लिए प्रस्थान कर रहा है।  लियर्ट्स अपनी बहन, ओफेलिया को हेमलेट से दूर जाने की चेतावनी देता है और उसकी ओर बहुत अधिक ध्यान आकर्षित करता है। भूत हेमलेट को प्रतीत होता है, वास्तव में अपने पिता के भूत होने का दावा करता है।  वह हेमलेट को बताता है कि वर्तमान राजा और हेमलेट...

 ‘An Astrologer’s Day’ is a story about a man who runs away from home and pretends to be an astrologer after imagining that he has committed a murder. But ironically, he runs into the same man he was running away from. The author has used a simple language to throw light upon the life of lower class Indians. It shows how fate changes the life of a man dramatically. The incredible twist in the end when the ‘murdered man’ meets its ‘murderer’ ensures that the reader keeps turning the pages. When the end arrives there is not just a sense of relief alone but also a sense of simple astonishment that is breathtaking. All the elements of the suspense have been linked properly. There is a sense of appreciation for the astrologer as he got rid of his enemy cunningly. This is a fine suspense story.  Summary : In the present story, he depicts an astrologer with his ironic fate. Here the astrologer is man who had run away from his village and settled with his wife and a child in the town....

It is observed that Dicken’s characters are remarkable individuals, but they are more than that. They are solitaries. They are people caught living in a world of their own. They do not talk to one another, they talk to themselves. More so Dickens belonged to the age where people were more materialistic and for them things were more important than people. Thus, dickens uses certain techniques, languages for portraying his characters with specific devices.  In Great Expectations Dickens has depicted his characters with certain peculiarities. For instance, Joggers has a huge forefinger, Wemmick a post-office mouth, Magwitch a clock-like throat etc. Dickens can nicely associate certain objects with his characters and they are projected. For E.g. Estella wears jewels in her hair and on her breast, Joggers flourishes a large white handkerchief.  Dickens has shown the impact of materialism by presenting Miss Havisham who has been guilty of aggression against life in using the two c...

Great Expectation can also be seemed as a fantasy. It is a fantasy which the children as well as the adults love alike. In spite of its theme of disillusion Great Expectation is not in its pervading atmosphere a melancholy book. But it contains many scenes of high spirited enjoyment and of comic gusto. The fantasy begins with Pip, the main character, who is a little boy. He is an orphan brought up by his harsh sister and kind husband of her, the Joe family. In the routine life, Pip will be apprenticed to his brother-in. law, Joe, he will learn blacksmithing and he will pass his life somehow. This is what expected at the beginning of the novel. But there is a sudden change in Pip's life due to entry of fantastic elements.  First fantasy is observed with the entry of Magwitch, the criminal. He is a convict escaped from the prison who happens to meet Pip at the graveyard and threatens Pip. He demands that Pip steal food for him from Mrs. Joe's larder and a file fro his leg iro...

  It is generally believed that Dickens pays least attention towards the plot construction in his novels. Thus, his most of novels have weak, loose and inorganic plots. There is no unity of action. They are full of various episodes and irrelevant characters. But his Great Expectations differs from this tradition. As G. B. Shaw remarks about the plot of this novel,  "Its beginning is unhappy; its middle is unhappy; and the conventional happy ending is an outrage on it." The plot construction in Great Expectations is superb. It establishes Dickens as the master of narrative style, dialogue and depiction power. The post is dramatic, full of adventures and humorous situations as well. The plot begins with suspense and a thrill when Pip is threatened by the run away convict who years later is to be the arbiter of the boy's destinies.  There is a wonderful inter-relation of each stage and each incidents. Pip's development of love, his feelings for the Joe, the sudden change...

The major theme of this novel is the rise and fall of the great expectation of a child Pip. It means the more emphasize is given to the childhood of the hero. Pip is put before us an orphan who is quite isolated from family protection. Moreover he has no social status which could make him potential enough to lead life with pride. He is rendered harshly by his sister. He is presented before us at the churchyard where he is lost in the memory of his dead parents. There he becomes aware of himself as a small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry. Because of constant hammering from his sister and due to fear of unidentified himself, Pip does not recognize from his early childhood Joe as a force. He considers Joe only a child like himself who must also suffer the verbal attack of Mrs. Joe. It is his childhood's lack of parental care that leads him towards a search for true love. He wants someone who can care him, who can protect his feelings and who can share...

Charles Dickens was working as the editor of a weekly magazine called ‘All the year Round’. Charles Dickens first published Great Expectations’ as a serial story in 1860. In 1861 it was published as a separate book. Charles Dickens has given a very appropriate title to his novel ‘Great Expectations’. It means ‘Great hopes’ Pip’s is the hero of the novel. He is very poor. Suddenly an unknown man helps him. Pip’s hopes rises. He has great expectations. He has hopes to become rich. He likes to become a gentleman.  The novel shows the three different stages of these great expectations. First it shows Pip before these hopes comes into his life. Then it shows how he behaves during it and finally it shows Pip as a different man when all these great expectations are over. This novel shows the ups and downs of Pip’s great expectation. The novel begins in Chatham. The author had passed his childhood there. He knew the place very well. Therefore the opening scenes of the novel are des...

  S.D. Neil rightly quotes, “Dickens is immortal because he is essentially of his time.” W.J. Long quotes, “Dickens is excellent reading, and his novels will continue to be popular just so long as men enjoy a wholesome and absorbing story.”

 Literature is any piece of writing that is valued as work of art. Literature is the total of preserved writings belonging to a given language or people. Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word literature meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. “Literature is an expression of life through the medium of language.” -W.H.HUDSON   Literature is basically a way to communicate, teach and learn Literature in its simplest version can be defined as an expression of the culture of the human being and appears in different times and places. During the period of Classical Antiquity, in the Greek and Roman literature reference works were created that would mark the subsequent literary production. Literature is divided into what are known as literary genres that are the...

  “A STUDENT OF LITERATURE HAS A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE THAN OTHERS THAT ONLY HE CAN DEFINE.” Every student is different in everything. Here I will talk about my experiences as a literature student. I’m so grateful to have had the opportunity to study English Literature at Surrey. The study of literature is rewarding but challenging. English classes can be challenging because of a demanding workload, complicated texts, and writing essays. If you put in thoughtful and diligent work both in and out of the classroom, however, you might really enjoy these classes. Studying literature means you’re also studying pretty much every subject under the sun. In each text you study, there will be elements of history, sociology, art, music, natural science and even math. While this means you get to learn some really interesting things, it can leave you feeling like you’re running out of room to store information in your brain. Students who study only English Language, with its emphasis on reading...

        Shakespeare’s The Tempest has been variously interpreted as a romantic comedy, a comedy concerned with such serious themes as justice and mercy, and as an autobiographical play. Many critics think that Shakespeare bid farewell to his dramatic career through writing the play The Tempest. Other critics have tried to find a colonial theme where Prospero and Caliban stand for the colonizer and colonized respectively.             In The Tempest, magic is a dazzling art form that infuses the play with a sense of wonder and a whole lot of spectacle, Art and Culture, Contrasting Regions, Freedom and Confinement, Man and the Natural World, Betrayal,  Compassion and Forgiveness, The Divine. Forgiveness and repentance are the prime themes of the play The Tempest.           the main theme of The Tempest seems to be the love affair between Ferdinand and Miranda which culminates in their marriage at the ...

        William Shakespeare was the greatest writer in the English and the world’s greatest dramatist. According  to Emrys Jones,  “The life of Shakespeare presents a challenge to the biographer which shows no sign of losing its power.” (The origin of Shakespeare, page-1) Birth :-         William Shakespeare was born in Stratford – upon – Avon and  baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but traditionally observed on 23 April.                                                                                                 Early life :-           William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. He was the third child...

  Periods of English Literature :-  The exact number, dates, and names of these periods very, but the list below conforms to widespread practice. The list is followed by a brief comment on each period, in chronological order. 450-1066  Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 1066-1500  Middle English Period 1500-1660  The Renaissance (or Early Modern)  1558-1603  Elizabethan Age  1603-1625  Jacobean Age  1625-1649  Caroline Age  1649-1660  Commonwealth Period  1660-1785  The Neoclassical Period  1660-1700  The Restoration  1700-1745  The Augustan Age  1745-1785  The Age of sensibility (or Age of Johnson) 1785-1832  The Romantic Period 1832-1901  The Victorian Period  1848-1860  The pre- Raphaelites 1880-1901  Aestheticism and Decadence 1901-1945  The Modern Period  1901-1914  The Edwardian Period  1914-1939  The Geor...